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With its Annual Report, submitted on the occasion of the Roma and Sinti International Day, Associazione 21 luglio intends to focus on the condition of the Roma and Sinti communities that, due to institutional discrimination policies, are segregated in Italy as well as in the city of Rome in the so called “Roma camps”.
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From Associazione 21 luglio’s latest research about early marriages, shocking data on the phenomenon: the rate reaches 77% in the Capital’s slums exceeding the negative world record of Niger. «It is essential to overcome slums in order to guarantee children rights».

ROME, 24 NOVEMBER 2017. In the world every year 15 million girls marry before reaching 18 years. In Italy studies and estimations about the phenomenon do not exist and early marriages are usually judged from a cultural point of view and attributed only to Roma communities or families of recent migration.
To quantify the phenomenon and understand the nature of these unions, Associazione 21 luglio realised the report “I am not old enough. Early marriage in Rome’s slums”, that will be presented today at 3 p.m. at the National Office against Racial Discrimination (UNAR) at the eve of the International Day against Women’s Violence.
The research was conducted in the extreme outskirts of Rome in 8 different housing locations (7 settlements and one occupied building), hosting more than 3.000 people, and considering the data of marriages contracted in the last two years (2014-2016). From the data collected, a shocking result emerged: on a total of 71 marriages, the rate of early unions is 77%, a number that exceeds the negative world record of Niger (76%) and by far the highest rates in Europe that are held by Georgia (17%) and Turkey (14%).
Out of a total of 142 individuals who married, nearly 72% married between 16 and 17 years old. 28% of those who married when they were still minors did so between the ages of 12 and 15. Gender influences highly the precocity in marriage: one girl out of 2 marries between 16 and 17 years old, one out of 5 between 13 and 15 years old.
The research stresses how the dynamics arisen during the interviews and the focus groups cross communities belonging to contexts far away from Rome’s slums and nevertheless affected by the phenomenon. The cross-over of early marriages witnesses that the socio-economic conditions of families have a strong influence on the issue, more than the cultural specificity of each group.  It is not by chance that early marriages register a double rate in rural areas than in urban ones and that a girl that attended only elementary school is double exposed to early marriage than a peer with higher education.
It is necessary to specify better about the link between early marriage and education: in the case of forced or combined marriages, the interruption of schooling paths is one of the most detrimental consequences of early marriage. When the marriage is chosen by the bride and groom (situation that corresponds to the 49% of the cases analysed in the research), instead, it is true the contrary: it is the failure of the schooling experience that contributes to steer the youth towards early marriage.
In a context of socio-economic deprivation such as Rome’s slums, characterised by the lack of external incentives and a very high unemployment rate, especially feminine, marriage is an opportunity to invest time, energies and capacities. The socio-economic disadvantage and the community’s conditioning, in a place where there is no space and too many people, become binding inside slums and foster that kind of practice.
«In order to guarantee children rights and promote a healthy childhood development, it is necessary a radical change in our country – Associazione 21 luglio declared – beginning with the need of combating urban and educational poverty through the overcoming of the slums located in the outskirts of the biggest Italian cities, places of segregation and socio-economic deprivation that hinder the enjoyment of children rights and of fundamental human rights».

Open letter to: Paolo Gentiloni, Italian Prime Minister, Andrea Orlando, Minister of Justice, Marco Minniti, Minister of the Interior, Maria Elena Boschi, Undersecretary of State, Minister for Equal Opportunities, Pietro Grasso President of the Senate, Laura Boldrini, President of the Chamber of Deputies, Dr. Giuseppe Pignatone, Rome Prosecutor.
Brussels, 17th October 2017,
Honourable Ministers,
We, the undersigned, are writing to express our deep concern regarding a poster circulated by Forza Nuova which fuels xenophobic and Afrophobic violence. The poster amounts to clear incitement to violence, racial hatred, as well as glorification of fascism. We urge you to support appropriate criminal procedures against the party leadership and to sanction racist and xenophobic rhetoric and imagery in the future.
The poster incites to racial hatred by picturing a stereotyped image of a Black man abusing a White woman. The text – that reads ‘protect her from the invaders. It could be your mother wife, sister, daughter’- is an incitement to violence. It impinges directly on the rights of People of African descent, as well as migrants and people perceived as such. The poster is in breach of both Italian Act 205 of 25 June 1993 (Mancino Act) [1] and of the EU Framework Decision on combating racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law. [2]
Furthermore, the imagery directly reproduces fascist propaganda and amounts to instigation to and condoning of a crime against humanity, which is in violation of the EU Framework Decision on racism and Xenophobia [3] and of Italian law [4], when the latter provides also for the possibility of disbanding groups founded on fascist ideology. This is not the first time that Forza Nuova replicates fascist imagery, and the link between that ideology and acts of violence can be established also in this specific case: recently many people of African descent in Italy have been victims of an increased level of hate speech. Cécile Kyenge, MEP, has herself been on the receiving end of more hatred linked to the poster.
This occurrence is not an isolated case, and it calls again to step up the political will to recognise and to condemn Afrophobia and political hate speech. The European Network Against Racism (ENAR) has repeatedly condemned the rise in racist crime in Italy, such as the racist murder of Emmanuel Chidi Namdi, a 36-year-old Nigerian asylum seeker, in Fermo last year.
This racist poster affects People of African descent in Italy and across Europe. As the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights already noted – including as regards to Italy – racially inflammatory political discourse has devastating effects on the groups targeted and it encourages hostility, discrimination and violence against them. As opinion shapers, politicians and political parties have a significant impact on social cohesion. Hence, they have a special responsibility not to use a language that contributes to fuelling violence and dehumanising minorities.
Therefore we ask that:
–  The authorities lodge a complaint to the relevant public prosecutor to initiate legal proceedings against the Forza Nuova leadership in this case for incitement to racial hatred and glorification of fascism
–  The authorities take steps to dismantle the party Forza Nuova as a group founded on fascist ideology
–  The authorities take steps to establish an obligation to suppress public financing of organisations which promote racism, including public financing of political parties, as recommended in ECRI’s General Policy recommendation N. 7. Such obligation already exists in the Netherlands and in Belgium.
–  The authorities amend the law according to the recommendations of the Council of Europe Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) to re-establish adequate sanctions in cases of incitement to discrimination and violence. The current law only refers to propagating ideas rather than ‘public dissemination or distribution of tracts, pictures or other material inciting to violence or hatred’, as per EU and international law recommends. Colour is also not included as a ground of discrimination. In that regard, the draft Law n. S.2900 on the crime of propaganda of the fascist regime could be a way to close these gaps.
–  Political parties adopt effective self-regulatory measures in order to counter and sanction racist and xenophobic rhetoric by their elected members, as recommended by ECRI’s declaration on the use of racist, anti-Semitic and xenophobic elements in political discourse.
–  The authorities ensure UNAR’s full independence and extend its mandate, granting it the right to bring legal proceedings as recommended in ECRI’s 5th report on Italy.
–  The authorities ensure that there are training modules delivered on unconscious biases, racism and discrimination including hate speech, to be delivered as part of in human rights education programs in schools, public bodies and beyond.
We trust that we can start a constructive dialogue in order to address the issues highlighted in this letter, and we remain available to provide any support in this process.
We look forward to receiving your reply.
Sincerely yours,
1. European Network Against Racism
2. Africa e Mediterraneo – Italy
3. Africa Solidarity Centre Ireland
4. Altera – Italy
5. Apna Haq – UK
6. Association for Juridical Studies on Immigration (ASGI) – Italy
7. Associazione 21 luglio – Italy
8. Carta Di Roma – Italy
9. Centre for Equality Advancement – Lithuania
10. Centre for Peace Studies – Croatia
11. Centro Regionale di Intervento per la Cooperazione (CRIC) – Italy
12. Comité de Liaison des Associations d’étrangers – Luxembourg
13. Conseil Représentatif des Associations Noires (CRAN) – France
14. Filipino’s Women Council (FWC) – Italy
15. Fondation Frantz Fanon – France
16. Forum Of European Muslim Youth And Student Organisations (FEMYSO)
17. ENAR Ireland
18. European Association of Lawyers for Democracy and World Human Rights (ELDH)
19. European Forum of Muslim Women
20. European Network for People of African Descent (ENPAD)
21. European Race & Imagery Foundation (ERIF)
22. Il Razzismo è una Brutta Storia – Italy
23. Initiative Schwarze Menschen in Deutschland – Germany
24. Institute Circle – Slovenia
25. Lithuanian Centre for Human Rights
26. Lunaria – Italy
27. Migrant Tales Blog Community – Finland
28. Northern Ireland Council for Racial Equality (NICRE)
29. ORBIT – Belgium
30. Renaissance Africaine ASBL – Belgium
31. SOS Against Racism Denmark
32. Tapepuka – UK
33. UK Race and Europe Network
34. Zentralrat Deutscher Sinti und Roma – Germany
– Lettere aperta: Manifesto razzista di un partito Italiano di estrema destra
[1] According to the Article 1, it is a crime to “propagate ideas based on racial superiority or racial or ethnic hatred, or to instigate to commit or commit acts of discrimination for racial, ethnic, national or religious motives”, which is punishable by up to 3 years in prison; and to “instigate in any way or commit violence or acts of provocation to violence for racist, ethnic, national or religious motives”.
[2] Article 1 para.1 a punishes “[publicly] inciting to violence or hatred directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin”.
[3] Article 1 para. C sanctions “publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes as defined in Articles 6, 7 and 8 of the Statute of the Inter­national Criminal Court, directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin when the conduct is carried out in a manner likely to incite to violence or hatred against such a group or a member of such a group”.
[4] Article 1 and Article 4 of Act No.645/52 (Scelba Act) concerning “provisions relating to the application of the twelfth and final transitional provision (first paragraph) of the Constitution” (Prohibition of the reorganisation of the fascist party).

 
The living conditions of the around 20.000 underage Roma living in poverty in formal or informal settlements mark deeply their present and compromise their future irreparably. Figures comdemn them to alife that is marked since birth.
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